1421：The year CHINA DISCOVERED THE WORLD pdf snb 115盘 kindle 在线 下载 pmlz mobi

On 8 March 1421, the largest fleet the world had ever seen set sail from China. The ships, some nearly five hundred feet long, were under the command of Emperor Zhu Di’s loyal eunuch admirals. Their orders were ‘to proceed all the way to the end of the earth’.

The voyage would last for two years and by the time the fleet returned, China was beginning its long, self-imposed isolation from the world it had so recently embraced. And so the great ships were left to rot, and the records of their journey destroyed. And with them, the knowledge that the Chinese had circumnavigated the globe a century before Magellan, reached America seventy years before Columbus, and Australia three hundred and fifty years before Cook.

The result of fifteen years research, 1421 is Gavin Menzies’ enthralling account of this remarkable journey, of his discoveries and persuasive evidence to support them: ancient maps, precise navigational knowledge, astronomy, surviving accounts of Chinese explorers and later European navigators as well as the traces the fleet left behind – from sunken remains to votive offerings left by the Chinese sailors wherever they landed, giving thanks to Shao Lin, goddess of the sea.

Revised and updated with new material – including evidence of an entire Chinese fleet wrecked on New Zealand’s South Island – for this paperback edition, 1421 is a brilliant, epoch-making work of historical detection that radically alters our understanding of world exploration and rewrites history itself.

LIST OF MAPS AND DIAGRAMS

LISTT OF PLATES

CHINESE NOMENCLATURE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INTRODUCTION

Ⅰ Imperial China

1 THE EMPEROR'S GRAND PLAN

2 A THUNDERBOLT STRIKES

3 THE FLEETS SET SAIL

Ⅱ The Guilding Stars

1 ROUNDING THE CAPE

2 THE NEW WORLD

Ⅲ The Voyage of Hong Bao

6 VOYAGE TO ANTARCTICA AND AUSTRALIA

Ⅳ The Voyage of Zhou Man

7 AUSTRALIA

8 THE BARRIER REEF AND THE SPICE ISLANDS

9 THE FIRST COLONY IN THE AMERICAS

10 COLONIES IN CENTRAL AMERICA

ⅤThe Voyage of Zhou Wen

11 SATAN'S ISLAND

12 THE TREASURE FLEET RUNS AGROUND

13 SETTLEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA

14 EXPEDITION TO THE NORTH POLE

Ⅵ The Voyage of Yang Qing

15 SOLVING THE RIDDLE

Ⅶ Portugal Inherits the Crown

16 WHERE THE EARTH END

17 COLONIZING THE NEW WORLD

18 ON THE SHOULDERS OF GIANS

EPILOGUE:THE CHINEE LEGACY

POSTSCRIPT

APPENDICES

1 CHINESE CIRCUMANAVIGATION OF THE WORLD 1421-3:Synopsis of Evidence

2 THE DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDE

NOTES

INDEX

Gavin Menzies (Royal Navy Submarine Commanding Officer, retired) was born in 1937 in China, where he spent the first two years of his life. He joined the Royal Navy in 1953 and served in submarines from 1959 to 1970. As a junior officer he sailed the worl

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书籍介绍

On 8 March 1421, the largest fleet the world had ever seen set sail from China. The ships, some nearly five hundred feet long, were under the command of Emperor Zhu Di’s loyal eunuch admirals. Their mission was ‘to proceed all the way to the end of the earth to collect tribute from the barbarians beyond the seas’ and unite the world in Confucian harmony. Their journey would last for over two years and take them around the globe but by the time they returned home, China was beginning its long, self-imposed isolation from the world it had so recently embraced. And so the great ships were left to rot and the records of their journey were destroyed. And with them, the knowledge that the Chinese had circumnavigated the globe a century before Magellan, reached America seventy years before Columbus, and Australia three hundred and fifty years before Cook... The result of fifteen years research, 1421 is Gavin Menzies' enthralling account of the voyage of the Chinese fleet, the remarkable discoveries he made and the persuasive evidence to support them: ancient maps, precise navigational knowledge, astronomy and the surviving accounts of Chinese explorers and the later European navigators as well as the traces the fleet left behind - from sunken junks to the votive offerings left by the Chinese sailors wherever they landed, giving thanks to Shao Lin, goddess of the sea. Already hailed as a classic, this is the story of an extraordinary journey of discovery that not only radically alters our understanding of world exploration but also rewrites history itself.