语言导论 (美)弗罗姆金(Victoria Fromkin),(美)罗德曼(Robert Rodman),(美)海姆斯(Nina Hyams) 编 pdf snb 115盘 kindle 在线 下载 pmlz mobi

由弗罗姆金、罗德曼、海姆斯编的《语言导论/外教社英语类专业核心课程系列》为语言学经典教材，已出到第十版。书中对语言的产生、语言的音、形、义、语言的发展、分类、语法研究、语言与社会，语言与认知，语言与计算机模拟语言等都有经典的篇章介绍。

Preface

About the Authors

CHAPTER 1 What Is Language?

Linguistic Knowledge

Knowledge of the Sound System

Knowledge of Words

Arbitrary Relation of Form and

Meaning

The Creativity of Linguistic

Knowledge

Knowledge of Sentences and

Nonsentences

Linguistic Knowledge and

Performance

What IsGrammar?

Deive Grammars

Preive Grammars

Teaching Grammars

Universal Grammar

The Development of Grammar

Sign Languages: Evidence for

Language Universals

What Is Not (Human) Language

The Birds and the Bees

Can Animals Learn Human

Language?

Language and Thought

Summary

References for Further Reading

Exercises

CHAPTER 2 Morphology: The Words of Language

Content Words and Function Words

Morphemes: The Minimal

Units of Meaning

The Discreteness of Morphemes

Bound and Free Morphemes

Prefixes and Suffixes

Infixes

Circumfixes

Roots and Stems

Bound Roots

Rules of Word Formation

Derivational Morphology

Inflectional Morphology

The Hierarchical Structure of Words

Rule Productivity

Exceptions and Suppletions

Lexical Gaps

Other Morphological Processes

Back-Formations

Compounds

"Pullet Surprises"

Sign Language Morphology

Morphological Analysis: Identifying

Morphemes

Summary

References for Further Reading

Exercises

Chapter 3 Syntax: The Sentence Patterns of Language

Chapter 4 The Meaning of Language

Chapter 5 Phonetics: The Sounds of Language

Chapter 6 Phonology: The Sound Patterns of Language

Chapter 7 Language in Society

Chapter 8 Language Change: The Syllables of Time

Chapter 9 Language Acquisition

Chapter 10 Language Processing and the Human Brain

Chapter 11 Computer Processing of Human Language

Chapter 12 Writing: The ABCs of Language

Glossary

Index

VICTORIA FROMKIN：received her bachelor's degree in economics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1944 and her M.A. and Ph.D. in linguistics from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1963 and 1965, respectively. She was a member of the faculty of the UCLA Department of Linguistics from 1966 until her death in 2000, and served as its chair from 1972 to 1976. From 1979 to 1989 she served as the UCLA Graduate Dean and Vice Chancellor of Graduate Programs. She was a visiting professor at the Universities of Stockholm, Cambridge, and Oxford. Professor Fromkin served as president of the Linguistics Society of America in 1985, president of the Association of Graduate Schools in 1988, and chair of the Board of Governors of the Academy of Aphasia. She received the UCLA Distinguished Teaching Award and the Professional Achievement Award, and served as the U.S. Delegate and a member of the Executive Committee of the International Permanent Committee of Linguistics (CIPL). She was an elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the New York Academy of Science, the American Psychological Society, and the Acoustical Society of America, and in 1996 was elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences. She published more than one hundred books, monographs, and papers on topics concerned with phonetics, phonology, tone languages, African languages, speech errors, processing models, aphasia, and the brain/mind/language interface--all research areas in which she worked.

ROBERT RODMAN：received his bachelor's degree in mathematics from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1961, a master's degree in mathemat-ics in 1965, a master's degree in linguistics in 1971, and his Ph.D. in linguis-tics in 1973. He has been on the faculties of the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kyoto Industrial College in Japan, and North Carolina State University, where he is currently a professor of computer science. His research areas are forensic linguistics and computer speech processing. Robert resides in Raleigh, North Carolina, with his two rescued greyhounds Gracie and Shelby-Sue.

NINA HYAMS：received her bachelor's degree in journalism from Boston University in 1973 and her M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in linguistics from the Graduate Center of the City University of New York in 1981 and 1983, respectively. She joined the faculty of the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1983, where she is currently a professor of linguistics. Her main areas of research are childhood language development and syntax. She is author of the book Language Acquisition and the Theory of Parameters (D. Reidel Publishers, 1986), a milestone in language acquisition research. She has also published numerous articles on the development of syntax, morphology, and semantics in children. She has been a visiting scholar at the University of Utrecht and the University of Leiden in the Netherlands and has given numerous lectures throughout Europe and Japan. Nina lives in Los Angeles with her pal Spot, a rescued border collie mutt and his olde English bulldogge companion, the ever soulful Nellie.

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In truth, human languages are without exception fully expressive, complete, and logical, as much as they were two hundred or two thousand years ago.

Other hypotheses suggested ... that language originated from song as an expressive rather than a communicative need.

There are no “primitive” languages—all languages are equally complex and equally capable of expressing any idea. The vocabulary of any lan- guage can be expanded to include new words for new concepts.

It appears that the “un-Rule” is most productive for adjectives that are derived from verbs, such as unenlightened, unsimplified, uncharacterized, unauthorized, undistinguished, and so on. It also appears that most acceptable un- words have polysyllabic bases, and while we have unfit, uncool, unread, and unclean, many of the unacceptable -un forms have monosyllabic stems such as *unbig, *ungreat, *unred, *unsad, *unsmall, *untall.

one cannot always know the meaning of the words derived from free and derivational morphemes by knowing the morphemes themselves. The following un- forms have unpredictable meanings:

unloosen “loosen, let loose”

unrip “rip, undo by ripping”

undo “reverse doing”

untread “go back through in the same steps”

unearth “dig up”

unfrock “deprive (a cleric) of ecc...

The plural of geek, when it was a new word in English, was geeks, not *geeken, although we are advised that some geeks wanted the plural of fax to be *faxen, like oxen, when fax entered the language as a shortened form of facsimile.

peddle was derived from peddler on the mistaken assumption that the -er was the agentive suffix. Such words are called back-formations. The verbs hawk, stoke, swindle, and edit all came into the language as back-formations—of hawker, stoker, swindler, and editor. Pea was derived from a singular word, pease, by speakers who thought pease was a plural.

Some word creation comes from deliberately miscast back-formations. The word bikini comes from the Bikini atoll of the Marshall Islands. Because the first syllable bi- is a morpheme meaning “two” in words like bicycle, some clever person called a topless bathing suit a monokini. Historically, a number of new words have entered the English lexicon in this way. Based on analogy with such pairs as act/action, exempt/exemption, and revise/revisio...

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